Finance Tips

You’ve definitely seen many of those cars that the TV show “Pimp My Ride” and many other love to highlight. It has become a real fad among car owners, especially the younger ones, to customize their vehicles for the purpose of reflecting their individuality through the car they drive. Sure, in such an individualistic society as we all are there’s nothing wrong or bad about such a fad. However, quite often when it comes to insuring such vehicles their owners tend to overlook the changes their car has be subjected to, believing that their policy will cover it in case of an accident. And it’s such a bitter feeling when they actually file a claim and get covered partially or denied coverage in general. What’s wrong with custom cars that insurance companies are so picky about them? First of all let’s take a look at what the insurance company covers in the first place.

When you purchase a policy the company is obliged to cover the losses to your car in its form as the policy was signed according to its market value or independent evaluation. What happens when you decide to customize it? You change certain parts of the car from original to custom and effectively alter the market value of your vehicle. Let’s agree that installing a stereo system worth of 6k to your 3k Honda Civic is actually altering its price in a drastic manner. And in case you end up filing a claim for the altered value and configuration of your vehicle the insurance company has the right to deny you with coverage simply because you’ve altered the value of the insurance object without informing the insurer. It’s like buying a cheap computer, upgrading it with the most advanced parts, and then trying to get a refund for the final value of your PC because there was a short circuit in your flat. If you want to have adequate car insurance for your custom shop ride, you’ll have to inform your insurance companies about all the changes you’ve made to the basic configuration, preferably even before it goes out of the body shop. Make sure that your auto insurance provider knows what has been changed and customized in every detail, with the make and model of each custom part installed. You’ll typically be required to purchase a weaver to cover all the additional value you’ve put into your vehicle after customization. It’s evident that by slightly improving the performance or visuals of your car you alter its coverage value, and your policy should meet all these changes in order to keep it covered to the full extent. So now you know how to keep your car equipped with the right auto insurance even if you decide to perform radical customization. You are free to do whatever you want with your car, since it’s your property, for as long as it doesn’t pose any threat to other drivers while on the road. Just make sure to adjust your coverage according to your shifting insurance needs.

Do you realize how much you are at risk financially if you wreck your car or it gets stolen? Your auto insurance policy might not provide all the financial protection you need, if the value of your car is less than the balance of your auto loan. Gap coverage is designed to cover the difference between the value of your car when it was lost and the balance of your car loan.

This is also called Negative Equity. Having to continue to pay off your car loan every month, when you don’t even have your car anymore is probably not what you had in mind when you bought it.

Let’s say you lost your car in a hurricane or other disaster, one year after you purchased your car: Now let’s say you still owe $20,000 on your auto loan and your deductible is $500. Let’s also say your car was worth $15,000 at the time you lost it. The insurance company pays you $14,500. Then your Negative Equity or Gap is $5,500.

Gap Protection isn’t really insurance, it’s a Debt Cancellation Agreement. You could call it a waiver of the part of your auto loan contract that requires you to pay the difference between the value of your car and the amount still owed on your car loan. There are a few states that do consider Gap Protection a form of insurance, but most states do not.

Is Gap Protection for you? Talk to the person considering your auto loan. Car buyers who are putting little or no money down on a car may need Gap Protection. If you are transferring the balance of previous car loans into the current car loan or taking out an extended car loan like a 60 month loan you may need the extra protection. Any car buyer who will owe more than their car is worth needs Gap Protection.

The insurance companies will always reward you for driving less. If you rarely put wheels on the road, the chances of a claim are small and all your premium will be “profit to the insurer. So how does this work? In theory, it could not be more simple. The insurance company looks at who you are, when you drive and where you drive in deciding how much of a risk you represent. If you live 50 miles from your work and have a daily commute along a busy Interstate, the chances of an accident are high. But if you live on a bus route to work and only use your vehicle for odd journeys at off-peak times, the chances of an accident are small. When you answer the questionnaire, you will see questions covering these possibilities. Remember, if you get caught out in dishonest answers, the insurer will cancel your policy and leave you without any coverage.

The first question is where you live. Although some states like California have outlawed setting rates according to your zip code, the majority of companies focus on your home address. If there’s a high accident or theft rate among people living in your area, you will all pay a higher premium. The only choice, if you can afford it, is to live some place where the crime and accidents rates are lower. You look for the middle ground between the worst inner city crime hot spot and a house on the prairie where you never see another vehicle from one day’s end to the next. All the discounts favor drivers who only drive off-peak during the day, and restrict their annual mileage. No more late night and early morning driving when the majority of other drivers may be tired or affected by alcohol and/or drugs. This raises the question of monitoring. It’s easy to answer the questionnaire and claim the maximum discounts. But the trend among insurers is to ask people to drop their vehicle in for a regular inspection of the recorded mileage. The maximum discounts are given to the drivers who agree to devices being installed which collect all the data on driving and transmit it to the insurers. These devices have a GPS element that records where you drive, the time and, in some cases, some measurement of the quality of your driving, e.g. how often you brake. The reward for accepting this invasion of your privacy can be discounts of up to 25% on top of the usual discounts. Obviously, it’s not a good idea to use your own vehicle to rob a bank since the insurance company will know you were there.

This set of discounts is somewhat frustrating. In the larger cities with well-developed public transport, it’s usually not too much trouble to get where you want on time without using your own vehicle. Assuming your vehicle is safely in a garage to reduce the risk of theft, you should break even or better, i.e. what you save on the insurance pays for your use of buses and trains. But the most of the US has poor public transport, so there’s little choice. Remember the car insurance quotes are not the final word. Call the company, explain your circumstances and discuss how you might qualify for discounts. In discussion, you often discover options not included in the website. So, treat the car insurance quotes as the opening offer and start negotiating. Investing a little time often saves you money.

The main thing to understand about discounts is the thinking behind them. The insurance companies want to encourage you to act in ways that favor them. If you are contrary and do the opposite, you will probably cost them money so your premium rates will be higher. Let’s take a few examples and see how it works. Obviously the point of insurance is that, if you have one of those unfortunate accidents or someone steals your vehicle, you get to claim money from the insurance company. From the insurer’s point of view, this is bad news. It wants to be able to treat all your cash as profit. The more it has to pay out, the more it should raise premiums. Except, at some point, you throw up your hands and say, “We’re not going to pay that.” So a balance has to be struck. The insurer wants all the safe drivers like you, and aims to discourage all the drivers with bad records – they are the ones who get the really big premium hikes. Although loyalty bonuses go some way in the right direction, there are more ways in which the insurer can save money. It all starts with the make and model of vehicle you are driving.

Risk assessment is done by the actuaries. These are the math wonks who collect details of every accident reported in the US. This is not just the data from claims on vehicle insurance. This is every incident reported to the police, attended by the firefighters or ambulance crews, or dealt with through claims on health insurance. Put all this together and the actuaries can tell you the probability of an accident in any make and model of vehicle, given its color, whether it was fitted with any additional features, who it was driven by, the time of day or night, whether the driver and passengers were badly injured, so on. Yes, it’s that detailed. Turning this around, if you drive a vehicle that’s statistically unlikely to be involved in an accident or stolen, your premium will be lower than average. Put a safe driver in a safe car and the chances of the insurer having to pay out are small and the profit is higher. Everyone is happy. So how do you find out which are the safest vehicles with the lowest premium rates? Well, you start with http://www.safercar.gov/, a site run by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. This allows you to get the safety ratings from all the tests carried out by the NHTSA. There’s a guide published at http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Vehicle%20Safety/Articles/Associated%20Files/2009_Insurance_Costs_Comparison.pdf which is also helpful. Finally, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety publishes its own list of safe vehicles at http://www.iihs.org/ratings/

The safer the vehicle you drive, the greater the discount on the premium rate. So when you are filling out the questionnaire for those auto insurance quotes, aim to have a safe vehicle. If you vehicle is not safe and you cannot afford to change it, try to upgrade it by fitting safety features. Look at the questions asked in the questionnaire and talk to insurance agents to find out what features save the most money. Similarly, fit better locks and any systems making your vehicle more difficult to steal. Anything you can do to reduce the risk of a claim will be reflected in low rates in the auto insurance quotes you receive.

This article draws on a big court case in Indianapolis with AIG disputing a life policy worth $15 million. Under normal circumstances, insurers pay out whenever they receive the death certificate. They may privately grumble the claim has come earlier than expected, but their public face will offer sympathies for the loss and pay. Indeed, if any company gets a reputation as a bad payer, their business is likely to dry up fast. With PR and marketing being everything in persuading people to part with their money, insurers usually pay out without comment. Why so different in this case? Well, the first issue is the circumstances of the death. This was a confident older woman aged 74 and she was found fully-clothed, drowned in her bath. The homicide unit has investigated and, despite the fact her family said she always preferred to take a shower, it has ruled her death accidental. No matter that the world might find the circumstances “suspicious”, particularly because the holder of the life policy admitted to being the last one to see her alive, there is no ongoing investigation. This has left the insurance company to dispute the payment.

Four years ago, this active lady was a director responsible for marketing. The company and fellow director insured her life for $15 million. This is perfectly proper as a part of succession planning. It gives the company the cash to buy out the shares and cover losses while a replacement key person is found. Except there is some suspicion the appointment of this lady as a director was only done to justify getting the insurance coverage. The rules are reasonably straightforward.

If you go to a race track, you can bet which horses will win and place. You pay and if your luck (and skill) give you the right result, the bookmaker pays. You could ask the bookmaker whether it is possible to bet on the day, week, month or year someone will die. If such a bet was accepted, you would have a direct financial incentive to arrange for this stranger’s death at the appropriate time. To insure someone’s life requires you have some direct interest in the individual, usually as a relative or someone upon whom you depend. That is why this company insured a marketing director and not an office cleaner. That position fits into the expectation of the insurer and justifies the big pay out.

There are about one hundred cases pending before the courts around the US alleging that investors have been insuring the lives of strangers. Because this is the equivalent of wagering or betting, the insurers are refusing to pay. In many of these cases, there are paper justifications for the policies, e.g. to insure a borrower. It will be very interesting to see how these cases are resolved. As for the ordinary case, you can confidently get life insurance quotes for any member of your family or other relatives. If someone acts as a carer, this will justify a higher pay-out to cover the cost of a replacement. But, if you are potentially insuring someone not related to you and not acting in some protective role towards you, disclose this fact to the life insurance company before confirming the policy. Only by complete honesty at the outset can you protect everyone’s interests in the long run.