Finance Tips

When it comes to insuring ones health there’s no denying the fact that this form of insurance is a must for everyone even though it’s not legally required and is purely optional. It’s hard to imagine the current healthcare system without insurance because otherwise people couldn’t afford most medical services and doctors wouldn’t get their high salaries, which are among the highest all over the world. Thanks to insurance both customers and service providers are pleased, and everyone’s getting the thing they want. Among many types of insurance available managed care plans are the most widespread, so let’s take a closer look at some of the most common forms of insurance offered by insurers:

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO)

This is the most common form of managed care plans as it provides the lowest price and a wide range of services included. It’s main drawback is the lack of flexibility in what concerns the places you get care from. Under HMOs you are limited to a network of facilities and specialists you may get care from and covered to the full extent. If you choose to get your services from someone outside the network your costs won’t be covered at all. Moreover, you are required to choose a primary care physician who will refer you to all the required specialists, so there’s more paperwork involved with this type of plans. Yet, you usually pay lower premiums for that so it’s really worth the effort.

Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO)

Preferred Provider Organizations offer more flexibility but for a higher price if compared to HMO plans. You are still limited to a network of providers to get care from, however if you choose to go out of network there will still be some part of your bill covered only to a lesser extent compared to in-network services. And you aren’t obliged to choose a primary care physician so there’s not so many office visits to do under this type of managed care plans. If you have the additional money and want more flexibility with your health insurance this plan type will definitely appeal to you.

Point Of Service (POS)

Point Of Service plans are often referred to as a mix of HMO and PPO plans as they provide the benefits of both these forms of health insurance. You gain the flexibility of PPO in what concerns the places you get services at, yet you still have to choose a primary care physician and have a network of providers to work with. One of the greatest benefits is that you may choose your family doctor as a primary care physician even if he or she doesn’t make part of the insurer specified network, which is definitely appealing to those who have long term relations with their family doctors. PPO plans may vary in price so it’s really recommended to shop around if you want to get the best rate possible.

As you see, managed care plans come in different forms with the sole purpose of giving you exactly what you need. So it’s really important to assess your individual health insurance needs before choosing the plan type to address them adequately.

When trying to insure your vehicle right you might run into a whole lot of options to choose from which may look quite confusing, especially to those not quite familiar with insurance. The insurance market is very diverse and the choices you make when buying a policy can result in substantial savings or serious costs. So, if you don’t want to spend a lot of time on becoming an insurance expert and still want to have a competitive policy to insure your vehicle with you might find the following tips really helpful after applying them:

Choose the right policy type As you may know there are different types of policies you can choose from and they all cater to different groups of buyers. Fully comprehensive policies are the most expensive and should be considered only if you’re financing your car through a loan. Third party, fire and theft policies are best suited for those who already have settled their loans but still have some market value with their vehicles. Third party policies will only appeal to owners of older vehicles with a small market value. So make sure to choose the right policy type right from the start.

Keep the coverage at a reasonable level There are different types of coverage that will be included to your policy depending on its type. But each coverage type also has specific amounts that can be adjusted. The more coverage you have the higher will be your premiums, so it’s evident that by reducing them you will cut your car insurance costs. Yet, don’t risk dropping these amounts too low because you don’t want to become short of coverage when you need it. If it’s third party liability then the coverage amounts should be able to cover repair and medical costs for an average accident in your area. If it’s collision or comprehensive coverage then it should correspond to the market value of your car.

Adjust your deductibles Deductible is the amount of money that has to be paid upfront before the coverage kicks in. Each type of coverage included into your policy has a separate deductible that may differ from one type of coverage to another. The higher is the amount of deductible the lower is the premium you’re charged with. So it’s beneficial to raise the deductibles a bit. Yet, keep in mind that you have to keep them on a reasonable level that you can actually afford. Otherwise what’s the point in lowering your premiums this way when you can’t receive coverage when you need it simply because the deductible is too expensive?

Shop around for the best rates Shopping around for car insurance is definitely the best way to get the most competitive rates. There are different ways to do it. You can ask your insurance agent to get several quotes from the local providers. You can contact the providers directly for information. You can use online quote comparison services that are all over the web. The main idea is to get as many quotes as you can to compare and choose the most competitive policy for your vehicle.

The main thing to understand about discounts is the thinking behind them. The insurance companies want to encourage you to act in ways that favor them. If you are contrary and do the opposite, you will probably cost them money so your premium rates will be higher. Let’s take a few examples and see how it works. Obviously the point of insurance is that, if you have one of those unfortunate accidents or someone steals your vehicle, you get to claim money from the insurance company. From the insurer’s point of view, this is bad news. It wants to be able to treat all your cash as profit. The more it has to pay out, the more it should raise premiums. Except, at some point, you throw up your hands and say, “We’re not going to pay that.” So a balance has to be struck. The insurer wants all the safe drivers like you, and aims to discourage all the drivers with bad records – they are the ones who get the really big premium hikes. Although loyalty bonuses go some way in the right direction, there are more ways in which the insurer can save money. It all starts with the make and model of vehicle you are driving.

Risk assessment is done by the actuaries. These are the math wonks who collect details of every accident reported in the US. This is not just the data from claims on vehicle insurance. This is every incident reported to the police, attended by the firefighters or ambulance crews, or dealt with through claims on health insurance. Put all this together and the actuaries can tell you the probability of an accident in any make and model of vehicle, given its color, whether it was fitted with any additional features, who it was driven by, the time of day or night, whether the driver and passengers were badly injured, so on. Yes, it’s that detailed. Turning this around, if you drive a vehicle that’s statistically unlikely to be involved in an accident or stolen, your premium will be lower than average. Put a safe driver in a safe car and the chances of the insurer having to pay out are small and the profit is higher. Everyone is happy. So how do you find out which are the safest vehicles with the lowest premium rates? Well, you start with http://www.safercar.gov/, a site run by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. This allows you to get the safety ratings from all the tests carried out by the NHTSA. There’s a guide published at http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Vehicle%20Safety/Articles/Associated%20Files/2009_Insurance_Costs_Comparison.pdf which is also helpful. Finally, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety publishes its own list of safe vehicles at http://www.iihs.org/ratings/

The safer the vehicle you drive, the greater the discount on the premium rate. So when you are filling out the questionnaire for those auto insurance quotes, aim to have a safe vehicle. If you vehicle is not safe and you cannot afford to change it, try to upgrade it by fitting safety features. Look at the questions asked in the questionnaire and talk to insurance agents to find out what features save the most money. Similarly, fit better locks and any systems making your vehicle more difficult to steal. Anything you can do to reduce the risk of a claim will be reflected in low rates in the auto insurance quotes you receive.

Perhaps this is an unnecessary statement of the obvious, but the point of insurance is to give people a financial safety net. Should an emergency or disaster strike, money you would struggle to find is paid out by your insurance company. But the squeeze has been on for the last decade as medical costs and the prices of essential drugs have been rising fast. In fact, so fast that the insurers cannot pass on all the increases to their policyholders. It was hard to raise premium rates while the economy was doing well. It became impossible to raise premiums when the recession hit without there being investigations by each state’s Commissioners for Insurance and complaints from everyone else. There comes a point when the insurer cannot get any more blood from the stone and has to sacrifice profits. This has left the medical profession, the hospitals and clinics in a winning position, while the pharmaceutical industry’s profits have continued to rise despite the recession. At the other end of the spectrum, the patients are the losers. There are some who discover the small print in their policies denies cover for the very illnesses they have. There are others whose savings are not enough to pay the deductibles and co-payments. And then there are those whose policies are cancelled when they make a claim for a chronic disease or disorder.

There is a new piece of research from the Commonwealth Fund, an independent, non-profit body. In 2007, it carried out a detailed survey among 2,600 people aged between 19 and 64. When their coverage was analysed, 20% were found significantly underinsured. Why was this happening? Because they were already spending more than 10% of their income on health coverage, whether as premiums, deductibles or both. When the underinsured were added to the uninsured, this represented 42% of adult Americans. Like the uninsured, this forces the underinsured to think twice before they have treatment with more than half either refusing treatment or struggling with debt because of treatment.

In the push for healthcare reform, the focus has been on the uninsured. But this fails to recognize the injustice suffered by the underinsured. No one should be forced to choose between refusing needed treatment and potential bankruptcy. It is therefore going to be an interesting year in prospect as the reform slowly comes into force. Both the poor and the middle class need access to cheap health insurance with reasonably comprehensive coverage. This will further squeeze the insurance industry because it will be denied the right to refuse coverage to those with pre-existing conditions and will be forced to establish group health insurance for those who have struggled to find affordable plans. In all of this, the key to success will be the ability of government and the insurers to impose more control over costs. President Obama has negotiated with the pharmaceutical industry and there is some agreement to hold down prices for those in Medicare and Medicaid. The for-profit healthcare industry also sees some self-interest in moderating its price increases and has given undertakings to the Administration. If some of the pressure is removed from the insurance industry, premium rates will stabilize and the reforms should offer a more fair system to all with a health plan. We can only hope for the best while we wait and see what happens.

Well, for better or worse, the healthcare bill has been signed into law. There is no immediate benefit in being angry. There are a number of legal actions started by various Attorneys General alleging that the reforms are unconstitutional. Even if some of these cases succeed on the issue of mandatory insurance for private individuals, this will not necessarily strike down the whole bill. The likelihood is we will be left with all the provisions dealing with small businesses. Keeping it real, we have to start planning for the future on the law as it is. The good news is that the main raft of provisions will not become active until 2014. This gives the lawmakers plenty of time to have second thoughts. Just as important, there are sets of regulations to be written clarifying the detail of how some of the new features are to work at state level. However, this is an outline of what we can expect.

The states are to establish SHOP exchanges where small businesses can group together and buy insurance. For these purposes, until 2016, a business is considered small when it has no more than 50 employees, with states having the option of increasing the limit to 100 employees. To calculate numbers, you pro-rate the full- and part-time employees. Independent analysts predict group premiums will drop no more than 4%, while the value of the cover will rise by up to 3%. To bridge until the exchanges are operating, a tax credit system will come into force. If your business has less than ten employees with an average annual pay of less than $25,000, the credit is 35% of the health plan cost. There are partial credits where the number of employees is less than 25 and their average annual pay is less than $50,000. When the exchanges start, the credit increases to 50% for the first two years.

With immediate effect, there are a ban on terms designed to cap the value of claims, and limits on the right of insurers to cancel policies except in cases where actual fraud can be proved. As from 2014, the insurers must accept all employees without regard to pre-existing conditions. Their calculation of premium rates can only be based on location, age and whether an individual smokes. As from 2014, small businesses with more than 50 employees will be required to provide a health plan or pay an annual penalty of $750 for every full-time employee denied cover. This can rise to $2,000 if coverage is still denied.

So, tomorrow, you will be going out into the same market as before the reform bill became law. Finding cost-effective small business insurance will continue to be a struggle. Indeed, many insurers may increase premiums now so that, when the SHOP exchanges do come into force, they have a margin to play with to deal with the competition. However, when you buy, check that the new terms on the total value claimable and restrictions on the right to cancel have been introduced. If you buy your small business insurance through an agent, ask direct questions. It saves time fighting over whether wording is unlawful later on.